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History [edit] Treatments for the plastic repair of a broken nose are first pointed out in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, a transcription of text dated to the Old Kingdom from 3000 to 2500 BCE. Key Reference (c. 1550 BC), an Ancient Egyptian medical papyrus, explains nose surgery as the plastic surgical operation for rebuilding a nose damaged by rhinectomy.
Rhinoplasty strategies are described in the ancient Indian text by Sushruta, where a nose is reconstructed by utilizing a flap of skin from the cheek. During the Roman Empire (27 BC 476 ADVERTISEMENT) the encyclopaedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus (c. 25 BC 50 AD) released the 8-tome (On Medication, c. 14 ADVERTISEMENT), which described cosmetic surgery strategies and treatments for the correction and the restoration of the nose and other body parts.
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320400 AD) released the 70-volume Synagogue Medicae (Medical Compilations, fourth century advertisement), which described facial-defect restorations that included loose stitches that permitted a surgical injury to heal without distorting the facial flesh; how to clean up the bone exposed in a wound; debridement, how to remove broken tissue to forestall infection therefore speed up recovery of the wound; and how to utilize autologous skin flaps to repair broken cheeks, eyebrows, lips, and nose, to bring back the client's typical visage.
The illustrations included a re-attachment rhinoplasty using a biceps muscle pedicle flap; the graft attached at 3-weeks post-procedure; which, at 2-weeks post-attachment, the cosmetic surgeon then shaped into a nose. In Great Britain, Joseph Constantine Carpue (17641846) released the descriptions of two nose surgeries: the restoration of a battle-wounded nose, and the repair work of an arsenic-damaged nose.
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Carpue's operation). Artificial nose, made from plated metal, 17th18th century Europe. This would have been used as an alternative to rhinoplasty. In Germany, rhinoplastic strategy was refined by cosmetic surgeons such as the Berlin University professor of surgical treatment Karl Ferdinand von Grfe (17871840), who published Rhinoplastik (Re